Vuto la kubweza mafuta la ma compressor oziziritsa lakhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri m'makina oziziritsa. Lero, ndilankhula za vuto la kubweza mafuta la ma compressor oziziritsa. Kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha kubweza mafuta kwa screw compressor makamaka chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwa mpweya wa mafuta odzola ndi refrigerant panthawi yogwira ntchito. Panthawi yogwira ntchito ya makina oziziritsa, refrigerant ndi mafuta odzola a firiji amasungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta odzola azituluka mu condenser mu mawonekedwe a aerosol ndi droplet gas ndi ntchito ya makina ndi refrigerant. Ngati cholekanitsa mafuta sichigwira ntchito bwino kapena kapangidwe ka makina sikali bwino, izi zingayambitse kusagwirizana koipa komanso kubweza mafuta koipa kwa makina.
1. Ndi mavuto ati omwe angabwere chifukwa cha mafuta osabwerera bwino:
Kubwerera kwa mafuta koipa kwa screw compressor kudzapangitsa kuti mafuta ambiri opaka mafuta azikhala mu evaporator payipi. Pamene filimu yamafuta ikuwonjezeka mpaka pamlingo winawake, izi zidzakhudza mwachindunji kuzizira kwa makina; Zidzapangitsa kuti mafuta opaka mafuta ambiri azisonkhana mu makina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu, kuonjezera ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndikuchepetsa kudalirika kwa ntchito. Kawirikawiri, mpweya wochepera 1% wa refrigerant umaloledwa kuyenda mu makina pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi mpweya.
2. Njira zothetsera vuto la mafuta osabwerera bwino:
Pali njira ziwiri zobwezera mafuta ku compressor, imodzi ndiyo kubwezera mafuta ku cholekanitsa mafuta, ndipo ina ndiyo kubwezera mafutawo ku chitoliro chobwezera mpweya.
Cholekanitsa mafuta chimayikidwa pa chitoliro chotulutsa utsi cha compressor, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatha kusiyanitsa 50-95% ya mafuta omwe akuyenda. Mphamvu yobwerera kwa mafuta ndi yabwino ndipo liwiro lake ndi lachangu, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amalowa mu chitoliro cha system, motero zimawonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito popanda kubweza mafuta.
Pa makina oziziritsira ozizira okhala ndi mapaipi aatali kwambiri, makina opangira ayezi odzaza madzi, ndi zida zowumitsa zozizira zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri, sizachilendo kuwona mafuta osabwerera kapena mafuta ochepa kwambiri kwa mphindi khumi kapena makumi ambiri mutayambitsa makina. Makina oipa amapangitsa kuti compressor izimitse chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa mafuta kochepa. Kuyika cholekanitsa mafuta chogwira ntchito bwino mu makina oziziritsira awa kumatha kukulitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya compressor popanda mafuta, kotero kuti compressor ikhoza kudutsa bwino mu gawo lovuta la mafuta osabwerera pambuyo poyambitsa. Mafuta odzola omwe sanalekanitsidwe adzalowa mu makinawo ndikuyenda ndi refrigerant mu chubu kuti apange kayendedwe ka mafuta.
Mafuta opaka mafuta akalowa mu evaporator, mbali imodzi, chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa komanso kusungunuka kochepa, gawo la mafuta opaka mafuta limalekanitsidwa ndi refrigerant; mbali ina, kutentha kumakhala kochepa ndipo kukhuthala kumakhala kwakukulu, mafuta opaka mafuta olekanitsidwa amakhala osavuta kumamatira kukhoma lamkati la chubu, ndipo kumakhala kovuta kuyenda. Kutentha kotsika kwa nthunzi, kumakhala kovuta kubweza mafuta. Izi zimafuna kuti kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka payipi yopopera madzi ndi payipi yobwerera ziyenera kukhala zothandiza kuti mafuta abwerere. Njira yodziwika bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka payipi yotsika ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya ukuyenda bwino. Pa makina oziziritsira omwe ali ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa kusankha olekanitsa mafuta ogwira ntchito kwambiri, zosungunulira zapadera nthawi zambiri zimawonjezedwa kuti mafuta opaka mafuta asatseke machubu a capillary ndi ma valve okulitsa, komanso kuti mafuta abwererenso.
Mu ntchito zenizeni, mavuto obweza mafuta omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kapangidwe kosayenera ka evaporator ndi gasi wobweza mapaipi si achilendo. Pa makina a R22 ndi R404A, kubweza mafuta kwa evaporator wodzaza ndi madzi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, ndipo kapangidwe ka mapaipi obweza mafuta a dongosolo kayenera kusamalidwa kwambiri. Pa makina otere, kugwiritsa ntchito kulekanitsa mafuta moyenera kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amalowa mu mapaipi a dongosolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yomwe chitoliro chobweza mafuta sichibweza mafuta mutayambitsa makinawo.
Pamene compressor ili pamwamba kuposa evaporator, kupindika kobwerera kwa mafuta pa chitoliro chobwerera choyima ndikofunikira. Chotchingira mafuta chiyenera kukhala chopapatiza momwe zingathere kuti mafuta asungidwe bwino. Mipata pakati pa kupindika kobwerera kwa mafuta iyenera kukhala yoyenera. Ngati kuchuluka kwa kupindika kobwerera kwa mafuta kuli kwakukulu, mafuta ena opaka mafuta ayenera kuwonjezeredwa. Muyeneranso kusamala pa mizere yobwerera ya makina osinthira katundu. Pamene katundu wachepetsedwa, liwiro lobwerera kwa mpweya lidzachepa, ndipo liwiro lidzakhala lotsika kwambiri, zomwe sizingathandize kuti mafuta abwerere. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta abwerera pansi pa katundu wochepa, chitoliro choyima choyima chingagwiritse ntchito chokweza kawiri.
Komanso, kuyambitsa compressor pafupipafupi sikuthandiza kuti mafuta abwererenso. Chifukwa nthawi yogwira ntchito nthawi zonse ndi yochepa kwambiri, compressor imayima, ndipo palibe nthawi yoti mpweya upite mofulumira kwambiri mu chitoliro chobwezera, kotero mafuta odzola amatha kukhalabe mu chitolirocho. Ngati mafuta obwezera ali ochepa kuposa mafuta oyendetsera, compressor idzakhala yochepa mafuta. Nthawi yoyendetsera ikakhala yochepa, payipi imakhala yayitali, makinawo amakhala ovuta, ndipo vuto lobwezera mafuta limaonekera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse, musamayatse compressor pafupipafupi.
Kusowa kwa mafuta kungayambitse kusowa kwa mafuta ambiri. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kusowa kwa mafuta si kuchuluka kwa compressor yolumikizira ndi kuthamanga kwake, koma kubweza mafuta pang'ono kwa dongosololi. Kuyika cholekanitsa mafuta kumatha kubweza mafuta mwachangu ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwirira ntchito ya compressor popanda kubweza mafuta. Kapangidwe ka evaporator ndi mzere wobweza mafuta kuyenera kuganizira kubweza mafuta. Njira zosamalira monga kupewa kuyambitsa pafupipafupi, kusungunula nthawi zonse, kubwezeretsanso refrigerant pakapita nthawi, ndikusintha zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito (monga ma bearing) pakapita nthawi zimathandizanso kubweza mafuta pakapita nthawi.
Popanga makina oziziritsira, kafukufuku wokhudza vuto la kubweza mafuta ndi wofunika kwambiri. Pokhapokha poganizira mbali zonse, ndi pomwe makina oziziritsira otetezeka komanso odalirika angatsimikizidwe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-21-2022
