Kompresa ndi makina ovuta omwe amagwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri. Kuonetsetsa kuti crankshaft ya compressor, ma bearing, ndodo zolumikizira, ma piston ndi zinthu zina zosuntha ndizofunika kwambiri kuti makinawo azigwira ntchito bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, opanga ma compressor amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opaka mafuta, ndipo amafunika kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi mtundu wa mafuta opaka mafuta. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusasamala pakupanga, kumanga ndi kukonza makina oziziritsira, kusowa kwa mafuta mu kompresa, kuphwanyidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mafuta, kusungunuka kwa madzi, kutsuka mufiriji, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osapaka mafuta, ndi zina zotero, ndizofala.
1. Kusakwanira mafuta odzola
Chifukwa chachindunji cha kuwonongeka: mafuta osakwanira. Kusowa mafuta kungayambitse mafuta osakwanira, koma mafuta osakwanira sikuti nthawi zonse amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa mafuta.
Zifukwa zitatu zotsatirazi zingayambitsenso mafuta osakwanira:
Mafuta odzola sangathe kufika pamalo operekera mabenchi.
Ngakhale kuti mafuta opaka mafuta afika pamwamba pa chivundikirocho, kukhuthala kwake ndi kochepa kwambiri kuti apange filimu yamafuta yokwanira makulidwe.
Ngakhale kuti mafuta opaka mafuta afika pamwamba pa bearing, amawonongeka chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri ndipo sangathe kudzola mafuta.
Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimayambitsa: netiweki yoyamwa mafuta kapena kutsekeka kwa mapaipi operekera mafuta, kulephera kwa pampu yamafuta, ndi zina zotero zimakhudza kutumizidwa kwa mafuta opaka, ndipo mafuta opaka sangathe kufika pamwamba pa kukangana kutali ndi pampu yamafuta. Ukonde woyamwa mafuta ndi pampu yamafuta ndi zabwinobwino, koma kuwonongeka kwa bearing, kutseguka kwambiri, ndi zina zotero zimayambitsa kutayikira kwa mafuta ndi kupanikizika kochepa kwa mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa kukangana kutali ndi pampu yamafuta pasathe kupeza mafuta opaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta opaka awonongeke komanso awonongeke.
Chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana (kuphatikizapo gawo loyambira la compressor), kutentha kwa pamwamba pa kukangana popanda mafuta opaka kudzakwera mofulumira, ndipo mafuta opaka adzayamba kuwola atapitirira 175°C. "Kusakwanira kwa mafuta opaka-kukangana-kutentha kwakukulu-kuwola" ndi nthawi yodziwika bwino yaukali, ndipo ngozi zambiri zoopsa, kuphatikizapo kutseka shaft ya ndodo yolumikizira ndi kutsekeka kwa piston, zimagwirizana ndi nthawi yoyipayi. Mukasintha mbale ya valve, yang'anani kuwonongeka kwa pini ya piston.
2. Kusowa kwa mafuta
Kusowa kwa mafuta ndi chimodzi mwa zolakwika zomwe zimaonekera mosavuta pa compressor. Pamene compressor ilibe mafuta okwanira, mafuta odzola amakhala ochepa kapena sapezeka konse mu crankcase.
Mafuta opaka omwe amatuluka mu compressor sabwerera: compressor idzakhala ndi mafuta ochepa ngati mafuta opaka sabwerera.
Pali njira ziwiri zobwezeretsera mafuta kuchokera ku compressor:
Chimodzi mwa izo ndi mafuta obwezerera olekanitsa mafuta.
Chinanso ndi chitoliro chobwezera mafuta.
Cholekanitsa mafuta chimayikidwa pa payipi yotulutsa utsi ya compressor, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatha kulekanitsa 50-95% ya mafuta, ndi mphamvu yabwino yobweza mafuta komanso liwiro lachangu, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amalowa mu payipi ya system, motero zimatalikitsa ntchito popanda nthawi yobweza mafuta. Pa makina osungira ozizira okhala ndi mapaipi aatali kwambiri, makina opangira ayezi odzaza madzi, ndi zida zowumitsa zozizira zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri, kuyika ma separators amafuta ogwira ntchito bwino kumatha kutalikitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya compressor popanda kubweza mafuta, kuti compressor idutse bwino nthawi yopanda mavuto mutayamba. Kubwerera ku gawo lamavuto la mafuta.
Mafuta opaka omwe sanalekanitsidwe adzalowa mu dongosolo: adzayenda ndi refrigerant yomwe ili mu chitoliro kuti apange kayendedwe ka mafuta.
Mafuta odzola akalowa mu evaporator:
Kumbali imodzi, chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa komanso kusungunuka kochepa, gawo lina la mafuta opaka limalekanitsidwa ndi refrigerant.
Kumbali inayi, kutentha kwake ndi kochepa ndipo kukhuthala kwake ndi kwakukulu, ndipo mafuta opaka olekanitsidwa ndi osavuta kumamatira ku khoma lamkati la chitoliro, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyenda.
Kutentha kwa mpweya woipa kukachepa, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kubweza mafuta. Izi zimafuna kuti kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka payipi yotulutsa mpweya ndi payipi yobwerera ziyenera kukhala zothandiza kuti mafuta abwerere. Kawirikawiri, njira yodziwika bwino ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka payipi yotsika ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya ukuyenda bwino. Pa makina oziziritsira omwe ali ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri, monga -85°C ndi -150°C mabokosi azachipatala a cryogenic, kuwonjezera pa kusankha zolekanitsa mafuta zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, zosungunulira zapadera nthawi zambiri zimawonjezedwa kuti ziletse mafuta odzola kuti asatseke machubu a capillary ndi ma valve okulitsa, komanso kuti mafuta abwererenso.
Mu ntchito zenizeni, mavuto obweza mafuta omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kapangidwe kosayenera ka ma evaporator ndi mizere yobweza mpweya si zachilendo. Pa makina a R22 ndi R404A, kubweza mafuta kwa evaporator yodzaza ndi madzi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, ndipo kapangidwe ka payipi yobweza mafuta ya makina kuyenera kusamalidwa kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kulekanitsa mafuta moyenera kungachepetse kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amalowa mu payipi ya makina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yobweza mafuta ikhale yayitali popanda kubweza mafuta mu payipi yobweza mpweya ikayamba kugwira ntchito.
Pamene compressor ili pamwamba kuposa evaporator, chotchingira mafuta obweza pa mzere wobwerera woyima chimafunika. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta akubwerera pansi pa katundu wochepa, chitoliro choyima choyamwa chimatha kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro choyima chawiri.
Kuyambitsa compressor pafupipafupi sikuthandiza kuti mafuta abwerere. Chifukwa chakuti nthawi yogwira ntchito nthawi zonse ndi yochepa, compressor imasiya, ndipo palibe nthawi yoti mpweya upite mofulumira kwambiri mu chitoliro chobwerera, kotero mafuta odzola amatha kukhalabe mu chitolirocho. Ngati mafuta obwerera ali ochepa kuposa mafuta othamanga, compressor idzakhala ndi mafuta ochepa.
Mukasungunula, kutentha kwa evaporator kumakwera, ndipo kukhuthala kwa mafuta opaka mafuta kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyenda kwake kukhale kosavuta. Pambuyo pa kusungunula, kuchuluka kwa mafuta opaka mafuta m'firiji kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo mafuta opaka mafuta omwe atsekeredwa amabwerera ku compressor. Pakakhala kutayikira kwa mafuta ambiri m'firiji, liwiro lobwerera kwa mafuta limachepa. Ngati liwiro lili lotsika kwambiri, mafuta opaka mafuta amakhalabe mupayipi yobwezera mafuta ndipo sangabwerere ku compressor mwachangu.
Chipangizo choteteza chitetezo cha kuthamanga kwa mafuta chimayima chokha ngati palibe mafuta oteteza compressor kuti isawonongeke. Palibe galasi lowonera
Ma compressor otsekedwa bwino (kuphatikizapo ma rotor ndi ma scroll compressor) ndi ma compressor ozizira mpweya okhala ndi zida zotetezera kuthamanga kwa mafuta alibe zizindikiro zoonekeratu mafuta akasowa, ndipo sadzasiya, ndipo compressor idzawonongeka mosazindikira.
Phokoso la compressor, kugwedezeka kapena mphamvu yochulukirapo zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi kusowa kwa mafuta, kotero ndikofunikira kwambiri kuweruza molondola momwe compressor ndi makina amagwirira ntchito.
3. Mapeto
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kusowa kwa mafuta si kuchuluka ndi liwiro la compressor yomwe ikutha mafuta, koma kubweza mafuta koyipa kwa makinawo. Kuyika cholekanitsa mafuta kumatha kubweza mafuta mwachangu ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito ya compressor popanda kubweza mafuta. Ma evaporator ndi mizere yobweza mafuta ziyenera kupangidwa poganizira za kubweza mafuta. Njira zosamalira monga kupewa kuyambika pafupipafupi, kusungunula nthawi, kubwezeretsanso refrigerant pakapita nthawi, ndikusintha zida zosweka za pistoni pakapita nthawi zimathandizanso kubweza mafuta.
Kubwezeretsa madzi ndi kusuntha kwa zinthu zoziziritsa kumachepetsa mafuta odzola, zomwe sizingathandize kupanga filimu ya mafuta;
Kulephera kwa pampu yamafuta ndi kutsekeka kwa dera lamafuta kudzakhudza kupezeka kwa mafuta ndi kuthamanga kwa mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta asafike pamwamba pa kukangana;
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa pamwamba pa kukangana kudzalimbikitsa kuwola kwa mafuta opaka ndikupangitsa mafuta opaka kutaya mphamvu yake yopaka mafuta;
Kusakwanira mafuta odzola chifukwa cha mavuto atatuwa nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa compressor. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kusowa kwa mafuta ndi makina. Kungosintha compressor kapena zowonjezera zina sikungathetse vuto la kusowa kwa mafuta.
Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka makina ndi kapangidwe ka mapaipi ziyenera kuganizira vuto la kubweza mafuta kwa makinawo, apo ayi padzakhala mavuto osatha! Mwachitsanzo, panthawi yokonza ndi kumanga, chitoliro chobweza mpweya wa evaporator chimakhala ndi kupindika kobwerera kwa mafuta, ndipo chitoliro chotulutsa utsi chimakhala ndi kupindika koyang'ana. Mapaipi onse ayenera kuyenda motsatira madzi. Njira yonse ndi yotsika, yokhala ndi malo otsetsereka a 0.3 ~ 0.5%.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-26-2022
