Makina oziziritsira amagwiritsa ntchito mafiriji ngati madzi ogwirira ntchito, ndipo mafiriji nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu iwiri: madzi ndi gasi. Lero tikambirana za chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza mafiriji amadzimadzi.
1. Kodi choziziritsira ndi chamadzimadzi kapena cha gasi?
Mafiriji amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: mafiriji osakanikirana a single refrigerant, mafiriji osakanikirana a non-azeotropic, ndi mafiriji osakanikirana a azeotropic.
Kapangidwe ka chinthu chimodzi chogwira ntchito choziziritsira mpweya sichidzasintha kaya ndi cha mpweya kapena chamadzimadzi, kotero mkhalidwe wa mpweya ukhoza kuyikidwa chaji poyimitsa choziziritsira mpweya.
Ngakhale kapangidwe ka azeotropic refrigerant ndi kosiyana, chifukwa kutentha kwake kuli kofanana, kapangidwe ka mpweya ndi madzi nakonso ndi kofanana, kotero mpweya ukhoza kuyikidwa;
Chifukwa cha kutentha kosiyanasiyana kwa mafiriji osagwiritsa ntchito azeotropic, mafiriji amadzimadzi ndi mafiriji a gaseous ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake. Ngati mafiriji a gaseous awonjezedwa panthawiyi, kapangidwe ka mafiriji owonjezeredwawo kadzakhala kosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, firiji inayake ya gaseous yokha ndiyo yowonjezeredwa. Refrigerant, kotero madzi okha ndi omwe angawonjezedwe.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mafiriji osagwiritsa ntchito azeotropic ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi madzi, ndipo mafiriji osagwiritsa ntchito azeotropic onse amayamba ndi R4. Mtundu uwu wa madzi umawonjezeredwa. Mafiriji odziwika bwino osagwiritsa ntchito azeotropic ndi awa: R40, R401A, R403B, R404A, R406A, R407A, R407B, R407C, R408A, R409A, R410A, R41A.
Ponena za mafiriji ena odziwika bwino, monga: R134a, R22, R23, R290, R32, R500, R600a, kapangidwe ka refrigerant sikadzakhudzidwa ndi kuwonjezera gasi kapena madzi, kotero ndikosavuta.
Powonjezera refrigerant, tiyenera kulabadira izi:
(1) Yang'anani thovu lomwe lili mu galasi lowonera;
(2) Yesani kuthamanga kwa mpweya kwakukulu ndi kochepa;
(3) Yesani mphamvu ya compressor;
(4) Yesani jakisoni.
Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kudziwika ndikugogomezera kuti:
Mafiriji osakhala a azeotropic ayenera kuwonjezeredwa mu mkhalidwe wamadzimadzi. Mwachitsanzo, R410A refrigerant, kapangidwe kake ndi motere:
R32 (difluoromethane): 50%;
R125 (pentafluoroethane): 50%;
Popeza malo owira a R32 ndi R125 ndi osiyana, pamene silinda ya refrigerant ya R410A yasiyidwa ili chilili, malo owira a R32 ndi R125 ndi osiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti firiji ya gasi ikhale yophikidwa ndi nthunzi pamwamba pa silinda ya refrigerant, ndipo kapangidwe kake si 50% R32+ 50% R125, chifukwa malo owira a R32 ndi otsika, n'zotheka kuti gawo lapamwamba la refrigerant ndi gawo la R32.
Chifukwa chake, ngati choziziritsira cha mpweya chawonjezeredwa, choziziritsiracho sichili R410A, koma R32.
Chachiwiri, mavuto ofala a mafiriji amadzimadzi
1. Kusamuka kwa madzi mufiriji
Kusamuka kwa refrigerant kumatanthauza kusonkhana kwa madzi mu compressor crankcase compressor ikazima. Malinga ngati kutentha mkati mwa compressor kuli kozizira kuposa kutentha mkati mwa evaporator, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga pakati pa compressor ndi evaporator kudzayendetsa refrigerant kumalo ozizira. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Komabe, pa ma air conditioner ndi ma heat pumps, pamene condensing unit ili kutali ndi compressor, kusamuka kungachitike ngakhale kutentha kuli kokwera.
Dongosolo likangotsekedwa, ngati silikuyatsidwa mkati mwa maola ochepa, ngakhale palibe kusiyana kwa kuthamanga, vuto la kusamuka lingachitike chifukwa cha kukoka kwa refrigerant mu crankcase kupita ku refrigerant.
Ngati madzi ochulukirapo alowa mu crankcase ya compressor, vuto lalikulu la madzi lidzachitika compressor ikayamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti compressor ilephere kugwira ntchito, monga kuphulika kwa mbale ya valve, kuwonongeka kwa piston, kulephera kwa bearing ndi kukokoloka kwa bearing (Refrigerant imachotsa mafuta kuchokera ku bearing).
2. Madzi odzaza mufiriji
Valavu yowonjezera ikalephera, kapena fani ya evaporator ikalephera kapena ikatsekedwa ndi fyuluta ya mpweya, firiji yamadzimadzi imadzaza mu evaporator ndikulowa mu compressor kudzera mu chitoliro chokoka mu mawonekedwe a madzi osati nthunzi. Pamene chipangizocho chikuyenda, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumachotsa mafuta oziziritsa, magawo osuntha a compressor amawonongeka, ndipo kuthamanga kwa mafuta kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipangizo chotetezera kuthamanga kwa mafuta chigwire ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti crankcase itaye mafuta. Pankhaniyi, ngati makinawo atsekedwa, kusintha kwa refrigerant kumachitika mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyundo yamadzimadzi iyambenso kugwira ntchito.
3. Kugunda kwamadzimadzi
Nyundo yamadzi ikachitika, phokoso logundana lachitsulo kuchokera mkati mwa compressor limamveka, ndipo limatha kutsatiridwa ndi kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwa compressor. Kugundana kwamadzimadzi kungayambitse kuphulika kwa valavu, kuwonongeka kwa gasket ya mutu wa compressor, kusweka kwa ndodo yolumikizira, kusweka kwa crankshaft, ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitundu ina ya compressor. Nyundo yamadzimadzi imachitika pamene firiji yamadzimadzi imasamuka kupita ku crankcase ndikuyambiranso. Mu mayunitsi ena, chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka mapaipi kapena malo a zigawo, firiji yamadzimadzi imasonkhana mu chitoliro chokoka kapena evaporator panthawi yotseka chipangizocho ndikulowa mu compressor ngati madzi oyera komanso pa liwiro lalikulu kwambiri pamene chipangizocho chayatsidwa. . Liwiro ndi kusakhala ndi mphamvu kwa slam yamadzimadzi ndizokwanira kugonjetsa chitetezo chilichonse cha compressor chomangidwa mkati ku slam yamadzimadzi.
4. Kachitidwe ka chipangizo chowongolera chitetezo cha hydraulic
Mu gulu la mayunitsi otentha pang'ono, pambuyo pa nthawi yosungunula, chipangizo chowongolera chitetezo cha kuthamanga kwa mafuta nthawi zambiri chimayamba kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi mufiriji. Machitidwe ambiri amapangidwira kuti firiji izikakamira mu evaporator ndi suction line panthawi yosungunula, kenako nkulowa mu compressor crankcase poyambira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuchepe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipangizo choteteza kuthamanga kwa mafuta chizigwira ntchito.
Nthawi zina kuchitapo kanthu kamodzi kapena kawiri kwa chipangizo chowongolera chitetezo cha kuthamanga kwa mafuta sikukhudza kwambiri compressor, koma kubwerezabwereza kangapo popanda kudzola bwino kumapangitsa kuti compressor ilephere. Chipangizo chowongolera chitetezo cha kuthamanga kwa mafuta nthawi zambiri chimaonedwa ngati cholakwika chaching'ono ndi wogwiritsa ntchito, koma ndi chenjezo kuti compressor yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa mphindi zoposa ziwiri popanda kudzola, ndipo njira zothanirana nazo ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pakapita nthawi.
3. Mayankho a vuto la mafiriji amadzimadzi
Kompresa yokonzedwa bwino komanso yothandiza kwambiri yosungiramo firiji, mpweya woziziritsa, ndi mapampu otenthetsera ndi pampu ya nthunzi yomwe imatha kugwira mafuta oziziritsa ndi mafuta oziziritsa okha. Pofuna kupanga kompresa yomwe imatha kugwira mafuta oziziritsa ndi mafuta oziziritsa, kuphatikiza kukula, kulemera, mphamvu yozizira, magwiridwe antchito, phokoso ndi mtengo kuyenera kuganiziridwa. Kupatula zinthu zomwe zapangidwa, kuchuluka kwa kompresa komwe kompresa kungathe kugwira kumakhala kokhazikika, ndipo mphamvu yake yogwirira ntchito imadalira zinthu zotsatirazi: kuchuluka kwa crankcase, mphamvu ya mafuta oziziritsa, mtundu wa makina ndi zowongolera, komanso momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito nthawi zonse.
Pamene mphamvu ya refrigerant ikukwera, imawonjezera ngozi ya compressor. Zifukwa za kuwonongeka nthawi zambiri zimatha kufotokozedwa ndi mfundo izi:
(1) Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya firiji.
(2) Chotenthetsera madzi chimasungunuka ndi chisanu.
(3) Fyuluta ya evaporator ndi yodetsedwa komanso yotsekedwa.
(4) Fani kapena mota ya fan ya evaporator yalephera.
(5) Kusankha kolakwika kwa mitsempha yamagazi.
(6) Kusankha kapena kusintha kwa valavu yowonjezera sikolondola.
(7) Kusamuka kwa zinthu zoziziritsa kukhosi.
1. Kusamuka kwa madzi mufiriji
Kusamuka kwa refrigerant kumatanthauza kusonkhana kwa madzi mu compressor crankcase compressor ikazima. Malinga ngati kutentha mkati mwa compressor kuli kozizira kuposa kutentha mkati mwa evaporator, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga pakati pa compressor ndi evaporator kudzayendetsa refrigerant kumalo ozizira. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Komabe, pa ma air conditioner ndi ma heat pumps, pamene condensing unit ili kutali ndi compressor, kusamuka kungachitike ngakhale kutentha kuli kokwera.
Dongosolo likangotsekedwa, ngati silikuyatsidwa mkati mwa maola ochepa, ngakhale palibe kusiyana kwa kuthamanga, vuto la kusamuka lingachitike chifukwa cha kukoka kwa refrigerant mu crankcase kupita ku refrigerant.
Ngati madzi ochulukirapo alowa mu crankcase ya compressor, vuto lalikulu la madzi lidzachitika compressor ikayamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti compressor ilephere kugwira ntchito, monga kuphulika kwa mbale ya valve, kuwonongeka kwa piston, kulephera kwa bearing ndi kukokoloka kwa bearing (Refrigerant imachotsa mafuta kuchokera ku bearing).
2. Madzi odzaza mufiriji
Valavu yowonjezera ikalephera, kapena fani ya evaporator ikalephera kapena ikatsekedwa ndi fyuluta ya mpweya, firiji yamadzimadzi imadzaza mu evaporator ndikulowa mu compressor kudzera mu chitoliro chokoka mu mawonekedwe a madzi osati nthunzi. Pamene chipangizocho chikuyenda, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumachotsa mafuta oziziritsa, magawo osuntha a compressor amawonongeka, ndipo kuthamanga kwa mafuta kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipangizo chotetezera kuthamanga kwa mafuta chigwire ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti crankcase itaye mafuta. Pankhaniyi, ngati makinawo atsekedwa, kusintha kwa refrigerant kumachitika mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyundo yamadzimadzi iyambenso kugwira ntchito.
3. Kugunda kwamadzimadzi
Nyundo yamadzi ikachitika, phokoso logundana lachitsulo kuchokera mkati mwa compressor limamveka, ndipo limatha kutsatiridwa ndi kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwa compressor. Kugundana kwamadzimadzi kungayambitse kuphulika kwa valavu, kuwonongeka kwa gasket ya mutu wa compressor, kusweka kwa ndodo yolumikizira, kusweka kwa crankshaft, ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitundu ina ya compressor. Nyundo yamadzimadzi imachitika pamene firiji yamadzimadzi imasamuka kupita ku crankcase ndikuyambiranso. Mu mayunitsi ena, chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka mapaipi kapena malo a zigawo, firiji yamadzimadzi imasonkhana mu chitoliro chokoka kapena evaporator panthawi yotseka chipangizocho ndikulowa mu compressor ngati madzi oyera komanso pa liwiro lalikulu kwambiri pamene chipangizocho chayatsidwa. . Liwiro ndi kusakhala ndi mphamvu kwa slam yamadzimadzi ndizokwanira kugonjetsa chitetezo chilichonse cha compressor chomangidwa mkati ku slam yamadzimadzi.
4. Kachitidwe ka chipangizo chowongolera chitetezo cha hydraulic
Mu gulu la mayunitsi otentha pang'ono, pambuyo pa nthawi yosungunula, chipangizo chowongolera chitetezo cha kuthamanga kwa mafuta nthawi zambiri chimayamba kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi mufiriji. Machitidwe ambiri amapangidwira kuti firiji izikakamira mu evaporator ndi suction line panthawi yosungunula, kenako nkulowa mu compressor crankcase poyambira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuchepe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipangizo choteteza kuthamanga kwa mafuta chizigwira ntchito.
Nthawi zina kuchitapo kanthu kamodzi kapena kawiri kwa chipangizo chowongolera chitetezo cha kuthamanga kwa mafuta sikukhudza kwambiri compressor, koma kubwerezabwereza kangapo popanda kudzola bwino kumapangitsa kuti compressor ilephere. Chipangizo chowongolera chitetezo cha kuthamanga kwa mafuta nthawi zambiri chimaonedwa ngati cholakwika chaching'ono ndi wogwiritsa ntchito, koma ndi chenjezo kuti compressor yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa mphindi zoposa ziwiri popanda kudzola, ndipo njira zothanirana nazo ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pakapita nthawi.
3. Mayankho a vuto la mafiriji amadzimadzi
Kompresa yokonzedwa bwino komanso yothandiza kwambiri yosungiramo firiji, mpweya woziziritsa, ndi mapampu otenthetsera ndi pampu ya nthunzi yomwe imatha kugwira mafuta oziziritsa ndi mafuta oziziritsa okha. Pofuna kupanga kompresa yomwe imatha kugwira mafuta oziziritsa ndi mafuta oziziritsa, kuphatikiza kukula, kulemera, mphamvu yozizira, magwiridwe antchito, phokoso ndi mtengo kuyenera kuganiziridwa. Kupatula zinthu zomwe zapangidwa, kuchuluka kwa kompresa komwe kompresa kungathe kugwira kumakhala kokhazikika, ndipo mphamvu yake yogwirira ntchito imadalira zinthu zotsatirazi: kuchuluka kwa crankcase, mphamvu ya mafuta oziziritsa, mtundu wa makina ndi zowongolera, komanso momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito nthawi zonse.
Pamene mphamvu ya refrigerant ikukwera, imawonjezera ngozi ya compressor. Zifukwa za kuwonongeka nthawi zambiri zimatha kufotokozedwa ndi mfundo izi:
(1) Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya firiji.
(2) Chotenthetsera madzi chimasungunuka ndi chisanu.
(3) Fyuluta ya evaporator ndi yodetsedwa komanso yotsekedwa.
(4) Fani kapena mota ya fan ya evaporator yalephera.
(5) Kusankha kolakwika kwa mitsempha yamagazi.
(6) Kusankha kapena kusintha kwa valavu yowonjezera sikolondola.
(7) Kusamuka kwa zinthu zoziziritsa kukhosi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-31-2022
