Ma compressor oziziritsa ndi ma compressor odzaza mphamvu. Popeza akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira mu 1934, chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, osawonongeka, komanso mphamvu yayikulu yoziziritsira, akhala akulamulira makina oziziritsira ang'onoang'ono mpaka akulu komanso apakatikati. Ndiye ndi mitundu yanji ya kulephera komwe kumachitika mu ma compressor oziziritsa mphamvu kuti aziziziritsa fluorine panthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, tiyeni tiwone pansipa!
1. Chiŵerengero chosazolowereka cha kupsinjika
2. Kugwira ntchito kochepa komanso kulephera kwa condenser
3. Kugwira ntchito pang'ono komanso kulephera kwa evaporator
4. Kulephera kwa dongosolo la kayendedwe ka mafuta
5. Kulephera kwa magetsi
1. Chiŵerengero chosazolowereka cha kupsinjika
Chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika ndi chodziwika bwino kwa aliyense amene amadziwa za momwe compressor imagwirira ntchito. Koma kodi kugwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika ndi chiyani? Kodi ndi chida chongopangidwira makompyuta chokha, kwenikweni, sichoncho?
Kusiyana pakati pa makina okulungira ndi makina okulungira ndi kwakuti makina okulungira amangochepetsa mphamvu ya makinawo, pomwe makina okulungira amawonjezera mphamvu ya makinawo.
Pokhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe kake, makina okulungira ali ndi deta yofunika, kutanthauza kuti, chiŵerengero cha voliyumu yamkati, chidule cha Chingerezi cha Vi, cha ma compressor ambiri okulungira, Vi ndi yokhazikika. Poganizira za kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, mtengo wa chiŵerengero cha voliyumu yamkati ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi mtengo wa chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika kwakunja (chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika kwathunthu kwa kupsinjika kwa mpweya ndi kupsinjika kwa mpweya), ndipo kugwira ntchito bwino kwa compressor iyi ndikokwera kwambiri.
Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika chili chachikulu kapena chaching'ono?
Ngati ndi yayikulu kwambiri, kapena kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, zimatsimikizira kuti makinawo akusinthana kwathunthu ndi kapangidwe kake. Chochitika chachikulu ndichakuti kutentha kwa kutulutsa mpweya ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kuli kokwera kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kutentha kumakhala kokwera kwambiri.
Ngati kuthamanga kwa utsi ndi kutentha kuli kokwera kwambiri, zotsatirapo zake zoyipa makamaka ndi zakuti mafuta opaka mu dongosololi ndi osavuta kupanga coke, sikoyenera kupanga filimu yamafuta, ndipo rotor singathe kudzozedwa mokwanira.
Kutsika kwa mphamvu yoyamwa, kutentha kwambiri kwa mphamvu yoyamwa kumakhudza kwambiri kuzizira kwa injini, komanso kutentha kwambiri kwa utsi. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa utsi ndi kuthamanga kwambiri.
Ngati ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, imakhudza kwambiri kugwedezeka konyowa (galimoto yonyowa, chisanu chopindika). Mu zipangizo zina, screw compressor imalimbana ndi kugwedezeka konyowa, kuphatikizapo mapangidwe athu ena, ndipo ogulitsa amakonda kuilimbikitsa motere. Ndipotu, makina okulungira amaopa kwambiri kugwedezeka konyowa. Ngati madzi ambiri abwerera ku compressor, amachititsa kuti mafuta odzola asungunuke, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa utsi.
Zachidziwikire, chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika ndi chochepa kwambiri, ndipo chimayambitsidwanso ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa rotor komanso kulephera kwa kukweza ndi kutsitsa.
2. Mphamvu ya condenser ndi yochepa
Kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya condenser kumakhudza kwambiri kutentha kwa madzi komanso ngati angapange madzi. Tikudziwa kuti valavu yokulitsa imakhala ndi madzi okwanira. Mwanjira imeneyi, mphamvu ya dongosololi imakhala yokwera ndipo mphamvu yozizira ndiyo yayikulu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mayunitsi akuluakulu amakhala ndi malo osungiramo zinthu, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poziziritsira mafuta. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti condenser ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Kulephera kumeneku kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kusankha molakwika njira yoziziritsira, malo osakwanira onyowa, malo oziziritsira osakwanira, komanso kusasintha kutentha kosakwanira. Chifukwa chake, mfundo zazikulu monga mafani, mapampu amadzi, ndi zipsepse zimawunikidwa makamaka panthawi yowunikira.
Ponena za izi, mphamvu ya condensation ndi yabwino kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kutentha kwa mlengalenga kuli kotsika kwambiri, mphamvu ya condensation ndi yabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azilowa bwino kwambiri mu evaporator. Pakadali pano, suction superheat ndi yochepa kwambiri ndipo mphamvu ya expansion valve ndi yochepa, zomwe zingayambitse Start hydraulic shock. Kapena kusiyana pakati pa mphamvu ya utsi ndi mphamvu ya suction sikokwanira, zomwe zimapha makina okulungira okhala ndi mafuta opanikizika osiyana.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa evaporator ndi kochepa kapena kwakukulu
Kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya evaporator kumakhudza kwambiri kuziziritsa kwa chinthu chomwe chiyenera kuziziritsidwa, pomwe kunyowa kumakhudza compressor. Ndipo mphamvu yayikulu imapangitsa kuti kutentha kwambiri kwa suction kukhale kwakukulu kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kutentha kwa compressor.
Chiweruzo cha sitiroko yonyowa
Kukwawa konyowa, malinga ndi kutentha kochepa, chiweruzocho chimakhala chosavuta, makamaka poganizira mzere wokoka wa compressor, koma bwanji za momwe mpweya woziziritsira ulili? Ndi mame? Makamaka kwa ma coolers, ngati pali vuto poganizira, lingayambitse mavuto monga kusweka ndi kulowa kwa madzi. Chifukwa chake, likhoza kuweruzidwa malinga ndi chithunzi cha pressure-enthalpy, kapena mtengo wa kutentha kwa utsi kupatula kutentha pambuyo pa condensation. Ngati mtengo wake uli wochepera 30K, ukhoza kuweruzidwa ngati kukwawa konyowa.
Ndiloleni ndinene china apa, valavu yokulitsa, ndilibe mndandanda wosiyana (onani buku langa lokonza valavu yokulitsa). Vavu yokulitsa si valavu yolamulira chilengedwe chonse, ndipo si mikhalidwe yonse yogwirira ntchito yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira pakusintha kwa valavu yokulitsa. Makamaka ngolo zazikulu zokokedwa ndi akavalo.
4. Vuto la kayendedwe ka mafuta
Pa kayendedwe ka mafuta, izi zimaonekera makamaka mu ubwino wa mafuta, ukhondo, kutentha komwe mafuta amabwerera, ndi zina zotero. Ntchito yaikulu ya mafuta odzola mu makina oziziritsira a screw compressor ndi kudzola, kuziziritsa ndi kutseka.
Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi ntchito yochepetsa phokoso ndi kuyamwa kwa mantha, koma pali mikangano yambiri m'makampani, makamaka chifukwa mafutawo amapanga thovu la mpweya m'gawo la injini, ndipo thovu la mpweya lidzachotsa phokoso, koma opanga ena amaganiza kuti ndi lopanda ntchito, ndipo gasi-madzi ndi lovuta Kulamulira, choncho m'malo mwake onjezani choletsa thovu.
Kuyamwa kwa shock makamaka kumafuna mafuta a ma rolling bearing, ndipo izi sizikuonekeratu, kotero ntchito ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambapa sizingaganizidwe ngati ntchito zazikulu.
Kutentha kwa mafuta obwerera kumakhudza kwambiri moyo wa ntchito ya screw compressor. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha komwe kumalimbikitsidwa kuti kugwiritsidwe ntchito kumakhala pakati pa 40 ndi 60°C, ndipo opanga ena amalembanso 70°C kapena 80°C. Kutentha kwambiri kwa mafuta kumayambitsa kukhuthala kwa mafuta ndikuwononga kapangidwe ka filimu yamafuta. Kutentha kwa mafuta kumakhudzanso kutentha kwa utsi, komwe kumakhudzanso chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika. Chifukwa chake, chonde samalani ndi kusinthaku posankha kutentha kwa mafuta.
ukhondo wa mafuta
Ukhondo wa mafuta ndi ukhondo wa makinawo. Kusunga ukhondo ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi screw compressor. Screw compressor si yofanana ndi piston compressor. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, ukhondo wa makinawo ndi wapamwamba kuposa wa piston compressor. Chifukwa cha liwiro lalikulu la meshing rotor, zinthu zina zakunja zimalowa mwachangu mu compressor, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti meshing rotor iwonongeke, makamaka tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta chitsulo kapena zinthu zakunja, zomwe zimadutsa mu interception ya suction fyuluta (kuphatikizapo zinthu zina zazikulu zakunja, Kuwonongeka kwa fyuluta yotchinga chifukwa cha suction sikwachilendo), kapena ngakhale vuto la makinawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwalozo zigwe ndikukakamira pakati pa ma rotor. Izi zitha kuwononga mwachindunji mota. Ngakhale tinthu tating'onoting'ono tachitsulo sitichitapo kanthu mwachindunji, timakhudza filimu yamafuta ya rotor, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti rotor bearing ikhale yoipa, silinda imamatirira, ndikuluma bokosi lonyamula. Choyipa kwambiri ndichakuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono timapanga unyolo wafupikitsa ndikuwononga mwachindunji mota.
Ma compressor amafuta opaka mafuta okhala ndi asidi nthawi zambiri amamva fungo lopsa la mafuta opaka mafuta akamayatsidwa kuti aunikidwe. Kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri pamene pamwamba pa chitsulo pawonongeka kwambiri, ndipo mafuta opaka mafuta amayamba kukhuthala pamene ali pamwamba pa 175oC. Ngati pali madzi ambiri m'dongosolo (kupopera vacuum sikoyenera, mafuta opaka mafuta ndi firiji zimakhala ndi madzi ambiri, mpweya umalowa pambuyo poti chitoliro cha mpweya chobwerera ndi mphamvu yoipa chasweka, ndi zina zotero), mafuta opaka mafuta amatha kukhala acidic. Mafuta opaka mafuta okhala ndi asidi amawononga machubu amkuwa ndi zotetezera kutentha. Kumbali imodzi, zimapangitsa kuti mkuwa ukhale wozungulira; kumbali ina, mafuta opaka mafuta okhala ndi maatomu amkuwa ali ndi mphamvu yoipa yotetezera kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzungulira.
Pa mayunitsi a compressor okulungidwa ndi screw, mitundu yambiri ya zolakwika imayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, kulephera kwa mafuta chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mafuta kumapangitsa kuti bearing imamatire, rotor imamatirira, kenako mota ya compressor imatsekeka, compressor imakwera modabwitsa, ndipo mota imayaka. Ndipo chifukwa chiyani kusowa kwa mafuta kapena kulephera kwa mafuta? Ndipotu, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa utsi, kugwedezeka kwa madzi ndi zifukwa zina. Chifukwa chake, kwa ogwira ntchito yokonza, izi zonse ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunika kuyang'aniridwa mosamala komanso kuganiza mozama zisanakonzedwe ndikukonzedwa bwino.
1. Mafuta amawira panthawi yoyambira kapena kugwira ntchito
Vutoli limachitika chifukwa cha madzi omwe amalowa mu compressor, kapena mafuta odzola amakhala ambiri mufiriji. Chonde sinthani njira yolumikizira kuti muwone ngati firijiyo yadzaza kwambiri.
2. Mafuta sali okwanira kapena okwera kwambiri
Ngati sichikwanira, chiyenera kuganiziridwa ngati ndi vuto la mafuta, kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amathiridwa sikukwanira, ndipo n'kovuta kubweza mafuta ku evaporator. Mukamasamalira, samalani ngati palibe madzi okwanira mu chosungira madzi. Muyenera kuganizira kuti njira yolumikizira ndi yolakwika kapena chifukwa cha kuyika kosafunikira.
Ngati ndi yokwera kwambiri, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti fyuluta yamafuta yatsekedwa ndipo firiji imasakanizidwa mumafuta.
3. Kutentha kwa utsi kumakhala kokwera kwambiri
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utsi utuluke kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha firiji yochuluka kapena yochepa kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya woyamwa, komanso mikhalidwe yosakhazikika yogwirira ntchito.
4. Kuthamanga kochepa kapena kosinthasintha kwa kuyamwa
Zizindikiro zazikulu za kutsika kwa mphamvu yoyamwa ndi kusowa kwa refrigerant, kusalingana kwa njira yolumikizirana, kutentha kwakukulu kwa kuzizira, kugwedezeka kwa madzi, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-05-2022
