Kuzizira: Njira yogwiritsira ntchito gwero lotentha lotsika lomwe limapangidwa ndi firiji kuti liziziritse chinthucho kuchokera kutentha kwabwinobwino kenako nkuchizizira.
Kuzizira: Njira yogwiritsira ntchito kupeza gwero lotentha pang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa momwe thupi la firiji limakhalira kuti lipeze gwero lotentha pang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yozizira.
Mitundu ya zida zoziziritsira: kupanga zinthu zozizira (firiji), kuzizira kwa zinthu, kuziziritsa.
Njira yoziziritsira: mtundu wa pistoni, mtundu wa screw, gawo la compressor yoziziritsira ya centrifugal, gawo la mayamwidwe a firiji, gawo la mafiriji a nthunzi ndi nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi.
Njira yoziziritsira: yoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya, yomizidwa ndi kuzizira kudzera mu chubu chachitsulo, khoma ndi chipangizo choziziritsira kutentha chokhudzana ndi zinthu.
ntchito:
1. Kunyamula chakudya mufiriji, mufiriji komanso mufiriji.
2. Kuziziritsa, kuziziritsa, kusungira zinthu zoziziritsa ndi mpweya komanso kuziziritsa zinthu zaulimi ndi chakudya.
3. Kukonza chakudya, monga kuumitsa mufiriji, kuzizira kwambiri ndi kuziziritsa zinthu.
4. Mpweya woziziritsa m'mafakitale opangira chakudya.
Mfundo ya kayendedwe ka firiji
Zipangizo zazikulu: compressor yoziziritsira, condenser, valavu yowonjezera, evaporator.
Mfundo ya kayendedwe ka firiji: Refrigerant imayamwa kutentha ndi kufika pa kutentha kwake ikakhala pa kutentha kochepa komanso madzi otsika, kenako imasanduka nthunzi yotentha komanso mpweya wotsika. Refrigerant ikasanduka nthunzi imakhala mpweya wotentha kwambiri komanso mpweya wothamanga kwambiri pansi pa mphamvu ya compressor, ndipo kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuthamanga kwambiri zimasanduka madzi otsika. Pambuyo pa valavu yowonjezera, imakhala madzi otsika komanso kutentha kochepa, ndipo imayamwa kutentha ndi kusuntha kachiwiri kuti ipange kayendedwe ka firiji.
Mfundo ndi Mfundo Zoyambira
Mphamvu ya firiji: Pazifukwa zina zogwirira ntchito (ndiko kuti, kutentha kwina kwa evaporation ya refrigerant, kutentha kwa condensation, kutentha kwa subcooling), kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe refrigerant imatenga kuchokera ku chinthu chozizira pa nthawi iliyonse. Imadziwikanso kuti mphamvu yozizira ya refrigerant. Pazifukwa zomwezi, mphamvu yozizira ya refrigerant yomweyi imagwirizana ndi kukula, liwiro ndi magwiridwe antchito a compressor.
Kuziziritsa mwachindunji: Mu nthawi yoziziritsa, ngati choziziritsira chimatenga kutentha, chotenthetsera chimasintha kutentha mwachindunji ndi chinthu chomwe chikufunika kuziziritsidwa kapena malo ozungulira chinthu chomwe chikufunika kuziziritsidwa. Nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida zoziziritsira zomwe zimafuna kuziziritsa mafakitale, monga mafiriji a ayisikilimu, malo osungiramo zinthu ozizira ang'onoang'ono ndi mafiriji apakhomo.
Refrigerant: Chinthu chogwira ntchito chomwe chimazungulira mosalekeza mu chipangizo choziziritsira kuti chiziziziritsa. Chipangizo choziziritsira chopondereza nthunzi chimapangitsa kutentha kusamuka kudzera mu kusintha kwa momwe firiji imakhalira. Refrigerant ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti chiziziziritsa chopangidwa.
Mafiriji omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri
Mafiriji omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: mpweya, madzi, madzi amchere ndi madzi achilengedwe.
Zosankha: malo ozizira ochepa, kutentha kwakukulu, palibe dzimbiri lachitsulo, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, mtengo wotsika komanso kupezeka mosavuta.
Ngakhale mpweya ngati choziziritsira uli ndi ubwino wambiri, umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati chakudya chikukhudzana mwachindunji ndi chakudya mufiriji kapena mufiriji chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa komanso kusamutsa kutentha koipa kwa convection ukagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpweya.
Madzi ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu, koma amakhala ndi malo oundana kwambiri, kotero angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati firiji yokha yokonzera mphamvu yozizira pamwamba pa 0 °C. Ngati mphamvu yozizira pansi pa 0 °C ikukonzekera, madzi amchere kapena achilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati firiji.
Madzi a sodium chloride, calcium chloride ndi magnesium chloride nthawi zambiri amatchedwa madzi ozizira. Madzi ozizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani azakudya ndi madzi a sodium chloride. Pakati pa ma refrigerants achilengedwe, ma refrigerants awiri omwe ndi odziwika kwambiri. Ndi madzi a ethylene glycol ndi propylene glycol.
Chipangizo chachikulu cha zida zoziziritsira za pistoni
Ntchito: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufinya firiji kuti igwire ntchito, kupeza mphamvu, kenako kufinya ndikukula kuti ipange gwero lozizira lomwe limatha kuyamwa kutentha.
Njira yoyimira chitsanzo: chiwerengero cha masilinda, mtundu wa firiji yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito, mtundu wa kapangidwe ka silinda, ndi kukula kwa silinda.
Kapangidwe kake: Silinda yotchingira, silinda, pisitoni, ndodo yolumikizira, crankshaft, crankcase, ma valve olowera ndi otulutsa mpweya, chivundikiro chonyenga, ndi zina zotero.
Njira Yogwirira Ntchito: Pistoni ikakwera mmwamba, valavu yoyatsira imatsegulidwa, ndipo nthunzi yoziziritsira imalowa mu silinda yomwe ili pamwamba pa pisitoni kudzera mu valavu yoyatsira. Pistoni ikakwera mmwamba, valavu yoyatsira imatsekedwa, pisitoni imapitirira kukwera mmwamba, ndipo firiji yomwe ili mu silinda. Kupanikizika, pamene kuthamanga kwa mpweya kufika pamlingo winawake, valavu yotulutsa mpweya ya chivundikiro chabodza imatsegulidwa, ndipo nthunzi yoziziritsira imatulutsidwa mu silinda ndikukanikizidwa mu payipi yothamanga kwambiri.
Zinthu: Kapangidwe kosavuta, kosavuta kupanga, kusinthasintha kwamphamvu, kugwira ntchito mokhazikika komanso kukonza kosavuta.
choziziritsira mpweya
Ntchito: chosinthira kutentha, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti nthunzi yotentha kwambiri ya firiji ikhale madzi mwa kuziziritsa ndi kuziziritsa.
Mtundu: chipolopolo chopingasa ndi chubu, chipolopolo choyimirira ndi chubu, kupopera madzi, kusungunuka, kuzizira kwa mpweya
Njira Yogwirira Ntchito: Nthunzi ya refrigerant yotentha kwambiri imalowa mu condenser kuchokera kumtunda kwa chipolopolocho ndikukhudza pamwamba pa chitolirocho, kenako imasungunuka kukhala filimu yamadzimadzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka, condensate imatsika pansi pa khoma la chitolirocho ndikusiyana ndi khoma la chitolirocho.
Chopopera madzi chimakhala ndi chosungira madzi, chitoliro choziziritsira, ndi thanki yogawa madzi.
Njira Yogwirira Ntchito: Madzi ozizira amalowa mu thanki yogawa madzi kuchokera pamwamba, ndipo amatsikira pamwamba pa chubu chozungulira kudzera mu thanki yogawa madzi. Gawo lina la madzi limaphwa, ndipo ena onse amagwera mu dziwe la madzi. Pansi pa chitoliro chobisika cha mzere wolowera m'chitolirocho, ndipo chikakwera m'mbali mwa chitolirocho, chimaziziritsidwa ndi kufupikitsidwa, ndipo chimalowa m'madzi osungira madzi.
Valavu yokulitsa
Ntchito: kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa refrigerant ndikuwongolera kuyenda kwa refrigerant. Refrigerant yamadzimadzi yothamanga kwambiri ikadutsa mu valavu yokulitsa, kuthamanga kwa condensing kumatsika kwambiri mpaka kuthamanga kwa nthunzi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, refrigerant yamadzimadzi imawira ndi kuyamwa kutentha, ndipo kutentha kwake kumachepa.
Valavu yokulitsa kutentha: Imagwiritsa ntchito digiri ya kutentha kwambiri ya nthunzi pamalo otulukira evaporator kuti isinthe firiji. Pansi pa magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a chipangizo choziziritsira, kuthamanga kwa madzi kwa chinthu choperekera kumakhala kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya pansi pa diaphragm ndi kuthamanga kwa kasupe, ndipo kumakhala kofanana. Kuperewera kokwanira kwa refrigerant kumapangitsa kuti nthunzi ibwerere pamalo otulukira evaporator, kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwambiri kumawonjezeka, kutentha kwa sensa ya kutentha kumawonjezeka, diaphragm imatsika, ndipo kutsegula kwa malo otulutsira kumawonjezeka mpaka kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe aperekedwa kuli kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa evaporator, kenako kutentha kwa sensa ya kutentha kumawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, valavu yokulitsa kutentha imatha kusintha yokha digiri yotsegulira ya valavu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi kumatha kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa ndi katundu, zomwe zingatsimikizire kuti malo otenthetsera a evaporator agwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira.
Chotenthetsera madzi
Ntchito: Refrigerant imatenga kutentha kwa choziziritsira.
Kugawa: Malinga ndi mtundu wa choziziritsira, chimagawidwa m'magulu atatu.
1. Chotenthetsera madzi choziziritsira madzi: monga choziziritsira madzi, choziziritsira madzi amchere, ndi zina zotero. Chotenthetsera madzi chimatenga kutentha kunja kwa chubu, ndipo chotenthetsera madzi chimazungulira mu chubu pogwiritsa ntchito pampu yamadzi. Chimagawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chubu, mtundu wa chubu choyimirira, mtundu wa chubu chozungulira ndi mtundu wa coil malinga ndi kapangidwe kake.
2. Chotenthetsera mpweya choziziritsira: choziziritsira mpweya chimasanduka nthunzi mu chubu, mpweya umatuluka kunja, ndipo kuyenda kwa mpweya ndi kwa convection yachilengedwe
3. Chotenthetsera cholumikizira kuti chiziziritse zinthu zozizira: Chotenthetsera chimazizira mbali imodzi ya gawo losamutsira kutentha, ndipo mbali inayo ya gawolo imakhudzana mwachindunji ndi chinthu chozizira kapena chozizira.
Zinthu zake: kusamutsa kutentha bwino, kapangidwe kosavuta, malo ochepa osungiramo zinthu, komanso kusawononga kwambiri zida chifukwa cha makina otsekeka ozungulira firiji.
Kuipa: Pamene pampu yamadzi yasiya kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha vuto, kuzizira kungachitike, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chubu cha chubu chiphulike.
chitoliro choziziritsira
Chitoliro choziziritsira choyima
Ubwino: Firiji ikasinthidwa kukhala nthunzi, imakhala yosavuta kutulutsa, ndipo kutentha kumakhala bwino, koma chitoliro chotulutsa utsi chikakhala chapamwamba, kutentha kwa nthunzi kwa firiji yapansi kumakhala kwakukulu chifukwa cha kupanikizika kosasinthasintha kwa gawo lamadzimadzi.
Chitoliro cha khoma cha mtundu wa mzere umodzi:
Ubwino: Kuchuluka kwa refrigerant yodzazidwa ndi kochepa, pafupifupi 50% ya voliyumu ya chitoliro chotulutsa utsi, koma refrigerant sidzatuluka mwachangu mu chitolirocho itatha kupsa, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yosamutsa kutentha.
Chubu chopindika:
Ubwino: malo akuluakulu otaya kutentha.
Zipangizo zothandizira pazida zoziziritsira za pisitoni
cholekanitsa mafuta
Ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa mafuta opaka omwe ali mumadzimadzi opanikizika ndi mpweya kuti mafuta opaka asalowe mu condenser ndikuwononga momwe kutentha kumayendera.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito: Pogwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyanasiyana a madontho a mafuta ndi nthunzi ya refrigerant, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepa powonjezera kukula kwa chitoliro, ndipo njira yoyendera ya refrigerant imasinthidwa; kapena ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal, madontho a mafuta amakhazikika kutentha kwa nthunzi. Pa mafuta opaka mafuta omwe ali mu nthunzi, kutentha kwa nthunzi kumachepetsedwa powatsuka kapena kuziziritsa, kotero kuti amaundana kukhala madontho a mafuta ndikulekanitsidwa. Cholekanitsa mafuta cha mtundu wa fyuluta chimasungidwa mufiriji ndi Freon.
Ntchito ya chosonkhanitsira mafuta: chimasonkhanitsa chosakaniza cha refrigerant ndi mafuta cholekanitsidwa ndi cholekanitsa mafuta, condenser ndi zida zina za makina oziziritsira, kenako chimalekanitsa mafuta ndi chosakaniza chosakaniza ndi mphamvu yochepa, kenako nkuzitulutsa padera. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta akutuluka bwino, mafutawa amachepetsa kutayika kwa refrigerant.
Ntchito ya cholandirira madzi ndi kusunga ndikusintha choziziritsira madzi chomwe chimaperekedwa ku gawo lililonse la makina oziziritsira kuti chigwire ntchito bwino ndi madzi omwe amaperekedwa ku zipangizozi. Choziziritsira madzi chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: chopanikizika kwambiri, chopanikizika pang'ono, chotulutsira madzi ndi chosungira madzi chozungulira.
Ntchito ya cholekanitsa mpweya ndi madzi: patulani choziziritsira mpweya kuchokera ku chotenthetsera madzi kuti madzi oziziritsira asalowe mu compressor ndikugwetsa silinda; patulani nthunzi yosagwira ntchito mu madzi a ammonia otsika mphamvu mutatha kupopera kuti muwongolere mphamvu yotumizira kutentha ya chotenthetsera madzi.
Udindo wa cholekanitsa mpweya: kulekanitsa ndi kutulutsa mpweya wosazizira mu dongosolo kuti zitsimikizire kuti dongosolo loziziritsa likugwira ntchito bwino.
Ntchito ya intercooler: yoyikidwa mu makina oziziritsira a magawo awiri (kapena ambiri) kuti aziziritse mpweya wotentha kwambiri womwe umatuluka mu siteji yotsika ya kupanikizika kuti uziziritse pakati pa magawo kuti zitsimikizire kuti compressor ya siteji yotsika ya kupanikizika ikugwira ntchito bwino; Mafuta odzola ophunzitsidwa bwino ndi firiji yozizira zimapangitsa kuti firiji igwire ntchito yoziziritsa kwambiri.
Malo osungira ozizira
Gulu:
Malo osungiramo zinthu zozizira kwambiri (oposa 5000t); malo osungiramo zinthu zozizira apakatikati (1500 ~ 5000t); malo osungiramo zinthu zozizira ang'onoang'ono (osachepera 1500t).
Malinga ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito:
Kusungirako kozizira kwambiri: makamaka mufiriji zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, mazira atsopano ndi zakudya zina, kutentha kwapadera kosungirako ndi 4 ~ -2 ℃;
Kusunga kozizira kotsika: makamaka kuzizira nyama, zinthu zam'madzi, ndi zina zotero, kutentha kwa kusungirako konse ndi -18 ~ -30 ℃;
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zoziziritsa mpweya: mpunga wosungidwa, Zakudyazi, mankhwala, vinyo, ndi zina zotero. kutentha kwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu ndi 10 ~ 15 ℃.
Zipangizo zoziziritsira mwachangu: Ndi zoyenera kuziritsira zinthu zazing'ono kapena zosapakidwa monga mabuloko, zidutswa, ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono topangira mitundu yonse ya zakudya zoziziritsira mwachangu monga ziweto, zinthu zam'madzi, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi ma dumplings. Kutentha kwa kuzizira -30 ~ 40 ℃.
Choziziritsira cha mtundu wa bokosi: Pali mbale zingapo zosunthika zokhala ndi zigawo zolumikizirana m'bokosilo zokutidwa ndi zinthu zotetezera kutentha. Zozungulira zotulutsira nthunzi zimayikidwa mu zozungulirazo, ndipo madzi amchere amathanso kutsanulidwa pakati pa machubu, ndipo choziziritsira chimadutsa mu zozungulira zotulutsira nthunzi; zinthu zozizira mwachangu zimayikidwa pakati pa mbale, ndipo mbalezo zimasunthidwa kuti zifinyike zinthuzo kuti ziziziritse.
Makina oziziritsa mwachangu amtundu wa ngalande: Amapangidwa ndi thupi la ngalande, evaporator, fan, rack ya zinthu kapena ukonde wosapanga dzimbiri wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Choyamba, zinthuzo zimadutsa mu lamba wa mesh wa gawo loyamba, womwe umayenda mwachangu, ndipo wosanjikiza wa zinthuzo umakhala wopyapyala, kotero kuti pamwamba pake pamakhala chisanu; lamba wa mesh wa gawo lachiwiri, womwe umayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso wokhala ndi wosanjikiza wokhuthala, umaundana zinthu zonse kuti zipeze chinthu chozizira mwachangu.
Mufiriji wothira: Zinthu zozizira zimakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi mpweya wosungunuka kapena firiji yamadzimadzi yokhala ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri kuti ipange chinthu chozizira mwachangu. Chakudyacho chimadutsa motsatizana m'dera lozizira lisanayambe, malo oziziritsira ndi malo otentha kwambiri. Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amasungidwa kunja kwa ngalande ndikulowetsedwa m'dera lozizira pansi pa mphamvu inayake kuti afafaze kapena kuzizira. Nayitrogeni wopangidwa pambuyo poti nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi watenga kutentha amakhalabe pa kutentha kochepa kwambiri, -10 mpaka -5 °C, ndipo amatumizidwa mu ngalande ndi fan. Mufiriji pasadakhale gawo lapitalo. M'dera lozizira, chakudya chimazizira mofulumira pokhudzana ndi nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi pa -200 °C.
Zipangizo zoziziritsira mpweya
Kusunga mumlengalenga molamulidwa: Kuphatikiza kusungira mumlengalenga molamulidwa ndi kusungira mumlengalenga molamulidwa, kuwongolera kutentha kwa malo osungiramo ndi kapangidwe ka mpweya, kotero kuti mpweya ndi carbon dioxide zomwe zili m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka posungira zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndipo zotsatira zabwino zosungira zitha kupezeka.
Kutayika kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'malo osungira ndi kochepa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosungiramo zinthu zozizira ndi 21.3%, pomwe kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosungiramo zinthu zoziziritsa kuzizira ndi 4.8%.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-26-2022
