Dongosolo loziziritsa ndi mawu ofala a zida ndi mapaipi omwe firiji imadutsamo, kuphatikizapo ma compressor, ma condenser, zida zopopera, ma evaporator, mapaipi ndi zida zothandizira. Ndi dongosolo lalikulu la zida zoziziritsira mpweya, zoziziritsira ndi zoziziritsira.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zolakwika zotsekeka mu makina oziziritsira, monga kutsekeka kwa ayezi, kutsekeka kodetsedwa, ndi kutsekeka kwa mafuta. Pa valavu yoyatsira ya bypass, chizindikiro ndi kupanikizika koipa, phokoso la chipangizo chakunja likuyenda pang'onopang'ono, ndipo palibe phokoso la madzi akuyenda mu evaporator.
Zifukwa ndi zizindikiro za kutsekeka kwa ayezi
Kulephera kwa ayezi kutsekeka kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha chinyezi chochuluka mu dongosolo la firiji. Pamene firiji ikupitirira kuyenda, chinyezi mu dongosolo la firiji chimakhazikika pang'onopang'ono pamalo otulukira capillary. Chifukwa kutentha komwe kumatuluka capillary kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, madzi amaundana ndipo pang'onopang'ono amawonjezeka, mpaka pamlingo winawake, capillary imatsekedwa kwathunthu, firiji singathe kuzungulira, ndipo firiji sidzazizira.
Gwero lalikulu la chinyezi mu makina oziziritsira ndi: pepala loziritsira injini mu kompresa lili ndi chinyezi, chomwe ndi gwero lalikulu la chinyezi mu makinawo. Kuphatikiza apo, zigawo ndi mapaipi olumikizira a makina oziziritsira zimakhala ndi chinyezi chotsalira chifukwa chosauma mokwanira; mafuta a firiji ndi firiji ali ndi chinyezi chopitirira kuchuluka kololedwa; Amayamwa ndi pepala loziritsira injini ndi mafuta oziziritsira. Chifukwa cha zifukwa zomwe zili pamwambapa, kuchuluka kwa madzi mu makina oziziritsira kumaposa kuchuluka kololedwa kwa makina oziziritsira, ndipo ayezi amatsekeka. Kumbali imodzi, kutsekeka kwa ayezi kudzapangitsa kuti firiji isayende bwino, ndipo firiji sidzatha kuzizira bwino; kumbali ina, madziwo adzagwirizana ndi makina oziziritsira kuti apange hydrochloric acid ndi hydrogen fluoride, zomwe zimayambitsa dzimbiri la mapaipi achitsulo ndi zigawo zake, komanso kuwononga ma windings a mota. Choziritsiracho chimawonongeka, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, chidzapangitsa kuti mafuta oziziritsira awonongeke ndikukhudza mafuta a kompresa. Chifukwa chake chinyezi mu makinawo chiyenera kusungidwa pang'ono.
Zizindikiro za kutsekeka kwa ayezi mu makina oziziritsira ndichakuti amagwira ntchito bwino nthawi yoyamba, chisanu chimapangidwa mu evaporator, condenser imachotsa kutentha, chipangizocho chimayenda bwino, ndipo phokoso la ntchito ya refrigerant mu evaporator limakhala lomveka bwino komanso lokhazikika. Pamene kutsekeka kwa ayezi kumachitika, mpweya umamveka pang'onopang'ono ukufooka komanso pang'onopang'ono. Pamene kutsekeka kuli kwakukulu, phokoso la mpweya limatha, kuzungulira kwa refrigerant kumasokonekera, ndipo condenser imazizira pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa cha kutsekeka, kuthamanga kwa utsi kumakwera, phokoso la makina limawonjezeka, palibe refrigerant yomwe imalowa mu evaporator, malo oundana amachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kutentha kumakwera pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwa capillary kumakweranso pamodzi, kotero ma cubes a ayezi amayamba kusungunuka. Refrigerant imayamba kuyendayendanso. Patapita nthawi, kutsekeka kwa ayezi kudzabweranso, ndikupanga chochitika cha nthawi ndi nthawi chodutsa.
Zifukwa ndi zizindikiro za kutsekeka kwauve
Zolakwika zobisika zimachitika chifukwa cha zinyalala zambiri mu makina oziziritsira. Magwero akuluakulu a zinyalala mu makinawa ndi awa: fumbi ndi zitsulo zodulidwa panthawi yopanga mafiriji, oxide wosanjikiza pakhoma lamkati la mapaipi panthawi yowotcherera, malo amkati ndi akunja a ziwalozo sayeretsedwa panthawi yokonza, ndipo mapaipiwo satsekedwa bwino. Mu chitolirocho, muli zinyalala mu mafuta a makina oziziritsira ndi firiji, ndi ufa wa desiccant wopanda khalidwe labwino mu fyuluta yowumitsira. Zinyalala zambiri ndi ufawu zimachotsedwa ndi fyuluta yowumitsira ikadutsa mu fyuluta yowumitsira, ndipo fyuluta yowumitsira ikamakhala ndi zinyalala zambiri, dothi ndi zinyalala zina zazing'ono zimabweretsedwa mu chubu cha capillary ndi refrigerant yokhala ndi kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa madzi. Zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi kukana kwakukulu zimasonkhana ndi kusonkhana, ndipo kukana kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyalala zikhale zosavuta mpaka capillary itatsekedwa ndipo makina oziziritsira sangayende. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mtunda pakati pa capillary ndi chophimba cha fyuluta mu fyuluta youma uli pafupi kwambiri, n'zosavuta kuyambitsa kutsekeka kodetsa; Kuphatikiza apo, polumikiza capillary ndi fyuluta youma, zimakhalanso zosavuta kulumikiza capillary nozzle.
Pambuyo poti makina oziziritsira ali odetsedwa komanso otsekeka, chifukwa firiji silingayende bwino, compressor imayenda mosalekeza, evaporator si yozizira, condenser si yotentha, chipolopolo cha compressor si chotentha, ndipo palibe phokoso la kuyenda kwa mpweya mu evaporator. Ngati yatsekeka pang'ono, evaporator imakhala yozizira kapena yozizira, koma palibe chisanu. Mukakhudza pamwamba pa fyuluta youma ndi capillary, imamva kuzizira kwambiri, pali chisanu, ndipo ngakhale chisanu choyera chimapangidwa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa refrigerant ikadutsa mu fyuluta youma yotsekedwa kapena chubu cha capillary, imayambitsa kugwedezeka ndi kupsinjika, kotero kuti refrigerant yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu kutsekeka idzakula, kupsa, ndikuyamwa kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuzizira kapena kuzizira kukhale pamwamba pa kutsekeka. Chipale chofewa.
Kusiyana pakati pa kutsekeka kwa ayezi ndi kutsekeka kwauve: pakapita nthawi, kutsekeka kwa ayezi kumatha kuyambiranso kuzizira, ndikupanga kubwerezabwereza kwa kutsegula kwa kanthawi, kutsekeka kwa kanthawi, kutsegukanso pambuyo potsekeka, ndikutsekekanso pambuyo potsegula. Pambuyo potsekeka kwauve, sikuyenera kusungidwa mufiriji.
Kuwonjezera pa mitsempha yamagazi yodetsedwa, ngati pali zinyalala zambiri m'dongosolo, fyuluta youma idzatsekedwa pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa mphamvu ya fyuluta yokha yochotsera zinyalala ndi zinyalala ndi yochepa, idzatsekedwa chifukwa cha kuchulukana kosalekeza kwa zinyalala.
Kulephera kwa kutsekeka kwa mafuta ndi kulephera kwina kwa kutsekeka kwa mapaipi
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe mafuta amatsekereza mu makina oziziritsira ndichakuti silinda ya compressor yawonongeka kwambiri kapena kuti mpata pakati pa pistoni ndi silinda ndi waukulu kwambiri.
Mafuta otuluka mu compressor amatuluka mu condenser, kenako amalowa mu fyuluta youma pamodzi ndi refrigerant. Chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa mafuta, amatsekedwa ndi desiccant mu fyuluta. Mafuta akakhala ambiri, amapanga kutsekeka kwa fyuluta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fyuluta isayende bwino, ndipo firiji sizizira.
Chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa mapaipi ena ndi: pamene payipiyo yalumikizidwa, imatsekedwa ndi solder; kapena pamene payipiyo yasinthidwa, payipiyo yokhayo imatsekedwa ndipo sinapezeke. Kutsekeka komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu za anthu, kotero ndikofunikira kulumikiza ndikusintha payipiyo, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuyang'aniridwa malinga ndi zofunikira, sidzayambitsa kulephera kwa kutsekeka kochita kupanga.
Njira yochotsera kutsekeka kwa makina oziziritsira
1 Kuthetsa mavuto a kutsekeka kwa ayezi
Kutsekeka kwa ayezi mu makina oziziritsira kumachitika chifukwa cha chinyezi chochuluka mu makinawo, kotero makina onse oziziritsira ayenera kuumitsidwa. Pali njira ziwiri zothetsera vutoli:
1. Gwiritsani ntchito uvuni wowumitsa kuti mutenthetse ndi kuumitsa gawo lililonse. Chotsani compressor, condenser, evaporator, capillary, ndi chitoliro chobwezera mpweya mu refrigerant system kuchokera mufiriji, ndikuziyika mu uvuni kuti mutenthetse ndi kuumitsa. Kutentha komwe kuli m'bokosi ndi pafupifupi 120°C, nthawi yowumitsa ndi maola 4. Mukazizira mwachilengedwe, pukutani ndi kuumitsa ndi nayitrogeni imodzi ndi imodzi. Bwezerani ndi fyuluta yatsopano yowuma, kenako pitirizani kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwotcherera, kuzindikira kutayikira kwa mphamvu, kutsuka vacuum, kudzaza firiji, kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kutseka. Njira iyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vuto la kutsekeka kwa ayezi, koma imagwira ntchito kokha ku dipatimenti ya chitsimikizo cha wopanga firiji. Madipatimenti okonza zinthu zambiri angagwiritse ntchito njira monga kutentha ndi kutulutsa kuti athetse mavuto otsekeka kwa ayezi.
2. Gwiritsani ntchito kutentha ndi kutsuka mpweya ndi kutsuka mpweya kachiwiri kuti muchotse chinyezi kuchokera ku zigawo za makina oziziritsira.
2 Kuchotsa zolakwika zobisika
Pali njira ziwiri zothetsera vuto la kutsekeka kwa capillary: imodzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni wopanikizika kwambiri pamodzi ndi njira zina zotulutsira capillary yotsekeka. Chotsani. Ngati capillary yatsekeka kwambiri ndipo njira yomwe ili pamwambapa singathetse vuto, sinthani capillary kuti muchotse vutolo motere:
1. Gwiritsani ntchito nayitrogeni wopanikizika kwambiri kuti mutulutse dothi mu capillary: dulani chitoliro choyendetsera kuti mutulutse madzi, sungunulani capillary kuchokera ku fyuluta youma, lumikizani valavu yokonzanso njira zitatu ku chitoliro choyendetsera cha compressor, ndikudzaza ndi mphamvu ya 0.6-0.8MPa Nayitrogeni, ndikuwongola capillary, itenthetseni ndi lawi la carbonization la gasi, sungani dothi mu chubu, ndikutulutsa dothi mu capillary pogwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni wopanikizika kwambiri. Capillary ikapanda kutsekedwa, onjezani 100 ml ya tetrachloride ya kaboni kuti muyeretse mpweya. Condenser ikhoza kutsukidwa ndi carbon tetrachloride pa chipangizo choyeretsera chitoliro. Kenako sinthani fyuluta youma, kenako mudzaze nayitrogeni kuti muwone kutuluka kwa madzi, vacuum cleaner, kenako mudzaze ndi refrigerant.
2. Bwezerani kapilari: Ngati dothi lomwe lili mu kapilari silingathe kuchotsedwa ndi njira yomwe ili pamwambapa, mutha kusintha kapilari pamodzi ndi kapilari kotsika mphamvu. Choyamba chotsani kapilari kotsika mphamvu ndi kapilari kuchokera pa cholumikizira cha mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu cha evaporator pogwiritsa ntchito welding ya gasi. Pakuchotsa ndi kuwotcherera, cholumikizira cha mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu chiyenera kukulungidwa ndi ulusi wonyowa wa thonje kuti chubu cha aluminiyamu chisatenthedwe kutentha kwambiri.
Mukasintha chubu cha capillary, muyenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda. Malo otulukira chubu cha capillary sayenera kulumikizidwa ku malo olowera a evaporator. Ikani valavu yochepetsera ndi choyezera kuthamanga pa malo olowera ndi kutuluka a compressor. Ngati kuthamanga kwakunja kuli kofanana, kuthamanga kwa chizindikiro cha gauge ya kuthamanga kwakukulu kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika pa 1 ~ 1.2MPa. Ngati kuthamanga kwapitirira, zikutanthauza kuti kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi kochepa kwambiri, ndipo gawo la capillary likhoza kudulidwa mpaka kuthamanga kukhale koyenera. Ngati kuthamanga kuli kotsika kwambiri, zikutanthauza kuti kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi kwakukulu kwambiri. Mutha kukulunga capillary kangapo kuti muwonjezere kukana kwa capillary, kapena kusintha capillary. Kuthamanga kukakwanira, sungunulani capillary ku chitoliro cholowera cha evaporator.
Polumikiza capillary yatsopano, kutalika komwe kumayikidwa mu cholumikizira cha mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 4 mpaka 5 kuti kupewe kutsekeka kwa welding. Pamene capillary yalumikizidwa ku fyuluta youma, kutalika komwe kumayikidwa kuyenera kukhala masentimita 2.5. Ngati capillary yalowetsedwa kwambiri mu fyuluta youma ndipo ili pafupi kwambiri ndi chophimba cha fyuluta, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta molecular see tidzalowa mu capillary ndikutseka. Ngati capillary yalowetsedwa pang'ono kwambiri, zonyansa ndi tinthu ta molecular see panthawi yolumikiza zidzalowa mu capillary ndikutseka mwachindunji njira ya capillary. Chifukwa chake, ma capillaries salowetsedwa mu fyuluta osati kwambiri kapena pang'ono kwambiri. Kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwambiri kumabweretsa ngozi yotseka. Chithunzi 6-11 chikuwonetsa malo olumikizirana a capillary ndi fyuluta yowuma.
3 Kuthetsa mavuto okhudza kutsekeka kwa mafuta
Kulephera kutseka mafuta kumasonyeza kuti pali mafuta ambiri osungira mafuta mufiriji, zomwe zimakhudza kuzizira kapena kulephera kuziziritsa. Chifukwa chake, mafuta a makina osungira mafuta mufiriji ayenera kutsukidwa.
Mafuta osefera akatsekedwa, fyuluta yatsopano iyenera kusinthidwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, gwiritsani ntchito nayitrogeni wopanikizika kwambiri kuti mutulutse gawo la mafuta a makina oziziritsira omwe asonkhanitsidwa mu condenser, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito chowumitsira tsitsi kuti mutenthe condenser pamene nayitrogeni ikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-06-2023
