Pali njira zitatu zoyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi m'mafakitale oziziritsira madzi, ndipo mavuto a kukula kwa madzi amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi, monga njira yoyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi m'firiji, njira yoyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi, ndi njira yoyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi m'magetsi. Njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi zimafuna mgwirizano wachete kuti zikwaniritse cholinga cha ntchito yokhazikika.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusunga makina aliwonse mkati mwa nthawi yogwirira ntchito. Ngakhale kuti magwiridwe antchito a zida zosiyanasiyana zoziziritsira m'mafakitale zopangidwa m'nyumba ndi okhazikika, ngati kukonza ndi kukonza kofunikira sikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali, mosakayikira kumabweretsa mavuto ambiri. Sikuti zimangoletsa zida zokha, komanso zimakhudza kuyenda kwa madzi a zida.
Zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito onse a mafiriji a mafakitale, komanso zimafupikitsa moyo wonse wa mafiriji a mafakitale. Chifukwa chake, kuyeretsa nthawi yake ndikofunikira kwambiri pa mafiriji a mafakitale.
1. N’chifukwa chiyani firiji ili ndi sikelo?
Zigawo zazikulu za scaling mu dongosolo la madzi ozizira ndi mchere wa calcium ndi mchere wa magnesium, ndipo kusungunuka kwawo kumachepa kutentha kukakwera; madzi ozizira akakhudza pamwamba pa chosinthira kutentha, ma scaling amaikidwa pamwamba pa chosinthira kutentha.
Pali zinthu zinayi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti firiji iwonongeke:
(1) Kusakaniza mchere mu njira yodzaza ndi zinthu zambiri.
(2) Kuika ma colloid achilengedwe ndi ma colloid a mchere.
(3) Kulumikizana kwa tinthu tolimba ta zinthu zina ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana a kufalikira.
(4) Kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zina ndi ma microorganism, ndi zina zotero. Kuchuluka kwa madzi m'zigawozi ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti madzi azizimiririka, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azizimiririka ndi izi: kusungunuka kwa mchere wina kumachepa ndi kutentha. Monga Ca(HCO3)2, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, CaSO4, MgCO3, Mg(OH)2, ndi zina zotero. Chachiwiri, pamene madzi akuphwa, kuchuluka kwa mchere wosungunuka m'madzi kumawonjezeka, kufika pamlingo wa supersaturation. Mankhwala amachitika m'madzi otentha, kapena ma ayoni ena amapanga ma ayoni ena amchere osasungunuka.
Pa mchere wina womwe umakwaniritsa zomwe zili pamwambapa, masamba oyamba amayamba kuikidwa pamwamba pa chitsulo, kenako pang'onopang'ono amakhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Uli ndi kapangidwe ka kristalo kopanda mawonekedwe kapena kobisika ndipo umasonkhana kuti upange makristalo kapena magulu. Mchere wa bicarbonate ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kukula kwa madzi ozizira. Izi zili choncho chifukwa calcium carbonate yolemera imataya bwino ikatenthedwa ndipo imawola kukhala calcium carbonate, carbon dioxide ndi madzi. Komabe, calcium carbonate sisungunuka kwambiri motero imayikidwa pamwamba pa zida zoziziritsira. Pakadali pano:
Ca(HCO3)2=CaCO3↓+H2O+CO2↑.
Kupangidwa kwa sikelo pamwamba pa chosinthira kutentha kudzawononga zidazo ndikufupikitsa moyo wa ntchito ya zidazo; chachiwiri, kudzalepheretsa kusamutsa kutentha kwa chosinthira kutentha ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito.
2. Kuchotsa sikelo mufiriji
1. Kugawa njira zochotsera chiŵerengero
Njira zochotsera mamba pamwamba pa zosinthira kutentha zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa mamba pamanja, kuchotsa mamba pamakina, kuchotsa mamba pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi kuchotsa mamba pogwiritsa ntchito thupi.
Mu njira zosiyanasiyana zochotsera ma scaling. Njira zochotsera ma scaling mwakuthupi komanso zoletsa ma scaling ndi zabwino, koma chifukwa cha mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya zida zamagetsi zochotsera ma scaling, palinso zochitika zomwe zotsatira zake sizili zabwino, monga:
(1). Kulimba kwa madzi kumasiyana malinga ndi malo.
(2). Kulimba kwa madzi kwa chipangizocho kumasintha nthawi yogwira ntchito, ndipo chida chochotsera ma scaling chamagetsi chogwiritsa ntchito mvula yochepa chingapangitse dongosolo loyenera kwambiri lochotsera ma scaling malinga ndi zitsanzo zamadzi zomwe wopanga adatumiza, kotero kuti kuchotsa ma scaling sikudzadandaulanso ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingakhudze;
(3). Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito anyalanyaza ntchito yotsitsa, pamwamba pa chosinthira kutentha chidzakulitsidwabe.
Njira yochotsera ma scaling ya mankhwala ingaganizidwe kokha ngati mphamvu yosamutsa kutentha kwa chipangizocho ili yoipa ndipo kukula kwake kuli kwakukulu, koma kudzakhudza zidazo, kotero ndikofunikira kupewa kuwonongeka kwa galvanized layer ndikukhudza moyo wa ntchito ya zidazo.
2. Njira yochotsera matope
Dothi la matope limapangidwa makamaka ndi magulu a tizilombo monga mabakiteriya ndi algae omwe amasungunuka ndikuberekana m'madzi, osakanikirana ndi matope, mchenga, fumbi, ndi zina zotero kuti apange matope ofewa. Amayambitsa dzimbiri m'mapaipi, amachepetsa kugwira ntchito bwino komanso amawonjezera kukana kwa madzi, amachepetsa kuyenda kwa madzi. Pali njira zambiri zothetsera vutoli. Mutha kuwonjezera coagulant kuti chinthu chopachikidwa m'madzi ozungulira chikhale maluwa otayirira a alum ndikukhazikika pansi pa sump, yomwe ingachotsedwe ndi kutuluka kwa zinyalala; mutha kuwonjezera dispersant kuti tinthu topachikidwa tifalikire m'madzi popanda kumira; Kupanga matope kumatha kuchepetsedwa powonjezera kusefa mbali kapena powonjezera mankhwala ena oletsa kapena kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
3. Njira yochotsera dzimbiri
Kudzimbiritsa kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha matope ndi zinthu zowononga zomwe zimamatira pamwamba pa chubu chotenthetsera kutentha kuti apange batire yodzaza mpweya ndipo dzimbiri limachitika. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa dzimbiri, kuwonongeka kwa chubu chotenthetsera kutentha kudzayambitsa kulephera kwakukulu kwa chipangizocho, ndipo mphamvu yoziziritsira idzatsika. Chipangizocho chikhoza kutayidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuvutika kwambiri ndi zachuma. Ndipotu, pogwira ntchito kwa chipangizocho, bola ngati ubwino wa madzi ukulamuliridwa bwino, kasamalidwe ka ubwino wa madzi kamalimbikitsidwa, ndipo kupangika kwa dothi kumapewedwa, zotsatira za dzimbiri pa dongosolo la madzi la chipangizocho zitha kulamulidwa bwino.
Pamene kukula kwa sikelo kukupangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito njira wamba zothetsera vutoli, zida zochotsera masikelo zitha kukhazikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito poletsa kukula ndi kuchotsa masikelo, monga zida zamagetsi zochotsera masikelo, zida zamagetsi zochotsera masikelo, ndi zina zotero.
Pambuyo poti sikelo, fumbi ndi algae zalumikizidwa, mphamvu yosamutsa kutentha kwa chubu chosamutsa kutentha imatsika kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yonse ya chipangizocho.
Pofuna kupewa kukulitsa ndi kuzizira kwa madzi oziziritsa mu evaporator panthawi yogwira ntchito, pali mitundu iwiri ya machitidwe amadzi oziziritsa: kuzungulira kotseguka ndi kuzungulira kotsekedwa. Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito kuzungulira kotsekedwa. Chifukwa ndi dera lotsekedwa, kuzizira ndi kuchuluka sizichitika. Nthawi yomweyo, mlengalenga. Dothi, fumbi, ndi zina zotero m'madzi sizingasakanizidwe m'madzi, ndipo kukulira kwa madzi oziziritsa ndi kochepa, makamaka poganizira kuzizira kwa madzi oziziritsa. Madzi omwe ali mu evaporator amazizira chifukwa kutentha komwe kumachotsedwa ndi refrigerant ikasungunuka mu evaporator kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kutentha komwe madzi oziziritsa omwe amayenda kudzera mu evaporator angapereke, kotero kuti kutentha kwa madzi oziziritsa kumatsika pansi pa malo ozizira ndipo madzi amaundana. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kulabadira mfundo zotsatirazi panthawi yogwira ntchito:
1. Kaya kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amalowa mu evaporator kukugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe injini yayikulu imayendera, makamaka ngati mayunitsi ambiri oziziritsira amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi, kaya kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amalowa mu unit iliyonse sikuli bwino, kapena kuchuluka kwa madzi a unit ndi pampu zikuyenda limodzi. Chochitika cha shunt ya gulu la makina. Pakadali pano, opanga ma bromine chillers amagwiritsa ntchito ma switch oyendera madzi kuti awone ngati pali madzi omwe amalowa. Kusankha ma switch oyendera madzi kuyenera kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumayendera. Mayunitsi okhala ndi zofunikira amatha kukhala ndi ma valve oyendera madzi omwe amasinthasintha.
2. Chipinda chosungiramo madzi choziziritsira cha bromine chili ndi chipangizo choteteza kutentha kochepa kwa madzi mufiriji. Kutentha kwa madzi mufiriji kukatsika kuposa +4°C, chipindacho chimasiya kugwira ntchito. Woyendetsayo akayamba kuthamanga nthawi yachilimwe chaka chilichonse, ayenera kuyang'ana ngati chitetezo cha kutentha kochepa kwa madzi mufiriji chikugwira ntchito komanso ngati kutentha kwake kuli kolondola.
3. Pakagwira ntchito makina oziziritsira mpweya a bromine chiller, ngati pampu yamadzi yasiya kugwira ntchito mwadzidzidzi, injini yayikulu iyenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati kutentha kwa madzi mu evaporator kukutsikabe mofulumira, njira ziyenera kutengedwa, monga kutseka valavu yotulutsira madzi mufiriji ya evaporator, kutsegula valavu yotulutsira madzi ya evaporator bwino, kuti madzi mu evaporator athe kuyenda ndikuletsa madzi kuzizira.
4. Pamene chipangizo choziziritsira cha bromine chasiya kugwira ntchito, chiyenera kuchitidwa motsatira njira zogwirira ntchito. Choyamba, imitsani injini yaikulu, dikirani kwa mphindi zoposa khumi, kenako imitsani pampu yamadzi yoziziritsira.
5. Chosinthira madzi mufiriji ndi chitetezo cha madzi mufiriji sizingachotsedwe nthawi iliyonse mukafuna.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-09-2023
